> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.papers.ai/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.papers.ai/security/papers-ai-data-processors.md).

# Papers AI data processors

Papers AI may engage the entities listed below to assist it in connection with its products and services, including to provide hosting and infrastructure services, AI model inference, and technical support, and which may therefore involve the processing of personal data.

Where you are an institution or organization, and we are processing that personal data as your “processor” (as defined in the GDPR), such entities will be considered “subprocessors”.

| Third Party Service Provider Name | Location | Function                                      |
| --------------------------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| Google Cloud Platform             | US       | Hosting                                       |
| Google                            | US       | <p>User authentication<br>Data processing</p> |
| OpenRouter                        | US       | Application operations                        |
| Anthropic                         | US       | Data processing                               |
| OpenAI                            | US       | Data processing                               |
| x.AI                              | US       | Data processing                               |
| Mixpanel                          | US       | Analytics                                     |
| Sentry                            | US       | Application operations                        |
| Customer.io                       | US       | User communication                            |
| Tavily                            | US       | Application operations                        |
| Brave Search                      | US       | Application operations                        |
| FrontApp                          | US       | Support                                       |

Papers AI is provided by Digital Science. As such, various Digital Science group companies may also be involved in connection with the development and delivery of Papers AI products and services, including as customer contracting entities and service providers, namely:

* Digital Science UK Ltd (UK)
* Digital Science & Research Solutions Ltd (UK)
* Digital Science & Research SRL (Romania)
* DS Digital Science GmbH (Germany)
* Digital Science & Research Solutions Inc (US)

Please refer to our Privacy Policy or the data processing terms we have agreed with you, as applicable, for further information. Not all service providers will be used for every user.

*Last updated: 17 July 2026*